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Elfrieda H. Hiebert’s model of text difficulty serves as the foundation of the QuickReads program.

Here are items from the TextProject online library that are related to the Text Elements by Task (TExT) model.

  • Text Elements by Task (TExT) Model

    Summary of publications on the TExT Model, suitable for printing.

  • Descriptions of Theory Underlying Model (and Analyses of Alternative Models of Text Difficulty)

  • The Critical Word Factor in Texts for Beginning Readers: Effects on Reading Speed, Accuracy, and Comprehension

    Hiebert, E.H. & Fisher, C.W. (April 2002). The Critical Word Factor in Texts for Beginning Readers: Effects on Reading Speed, Accuracy, and Comprehension. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA

  • Perspectives on the Difficulty of Beginning Reading Texts

    Hiebert, E.H., & Mesmer, H. (2005). Perspectives on the difficulty of beginning reading texts. In S. Neuman & D. Dickinson (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Early Literacy (Vol. 2, pp. 935-967). NY: Guilford.

    For more information about this book, please go to Guilford Press.

  • Standards, Assessment, and Text Difficulty

    Hiebert, E.H. (2002) Standards, Assessment, and Text Difficulty. In A.E. Farstrup & S.J. Samuels (Eds.), What research has to say about reading instruction. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.

  • Text Matters in Learning to Read

    Hiebert, E.H. (1999). Text matters in learning to read. The Reading Teacher, 52, 552-568. [Augmented with foreword in N.D. Padak et al. (Eds.), Distinguished educators on reading (pp. 453-472). Newark, DE: IRA.]

  • The Texts of Beginning Reading Instruction

    Hiebert, E.H, & Martin, L.A. (2001). The texts of beginning reading instruction. In S. Newman & D. Dickinson (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Early Literacy (pp. 361-376). NY: Guilford Press. [Reprinted in: Ruddell, R. & Unrau, N. (Eds.) (2004). Theoretical models and processes of reading (5th Ed.). Newark, DE: IRA.]

  • Use of TExT Model to Analyze Text Demands on Beginning & Struggling Readers’ Proficiencies

  • Are There Alternatives in Reading Textbooks? An Examination of Three Beginning Reading Programs

    Hiebert, E.H., Martin, L.A. & Menon, S. Are there alternatives in reading textbooks? An examination of three beginning reading programs. Reading & Writing Quaterly 21: 7 – 32, 2005.

  • A Review of the National Reading Panel’s Studies on Fluency: On the Role of Text

    Hiebert, E.H., & Fisher, C.W. (2005). A review of the National Reading Panel’s studies on fluency: On the role of text. Elementary School Journal, 105, 443-460.

  • State Reform Policies and the Reading Task for First Graders

    Hiebert, E.H.(2005). State reform policies and the reading task for first graders. Elementary School Journal, 105, 245-266.

  • Use of TExT Model to Select or Create Texts for Beginning Readers

  • A Comparison of First-Graders’ Reading with Little Books or Literature-Based Basal Anthologies

    Menon, S., & Hiebert, E.H. (2005). A comparison of first-graders’ reading with little books or literature-based basal anthologies. Reading Research Quarterly, 40, 12-38.

  • A Comparison of the Effects of Two Types of Phonetically Regular Text on the Fluency and Word Recognition of First-Grade English Learners

    Hiebert, E.H., & Fisher, C.W. (July 2006a). A comparison of the effects of two types of phonetically regular text on the fluency and word recognition of first-grade English learners. Paper presented at Society for the Study of Reading, Vancouver, BC.

  • Fluency from the First: What Works with First Graders

    Hiebert, E.H., & Fisher, C.W. (2006). Fluency from the first: What works with first graders. In T. Rasinski, C.L.Z. Blachowicz, & K. Lems (Eds.), Teaching Reading Fluency: Meeting the Needs of All Readers. (pp. 279-294). New York: Guilford Press.

    For more information about this book, please go to Guilford Press.

  • Text and English Language Learners: Scaffolding Entrée to Reading

  • Use of TExT Model to Create Texts for Struggling Readers

  • Becoming Fluent: What Difference Do Texts Make?

    Hiebert, E.H. (2006). Becoming fluent: What difference do texts make? In S.J. Samuels & A.E. Farstrup (Eds.), What research has to say about reading fluency. (pp. 204-226). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.

  • The Effects of Text Difficulty on Second Graders' Fluency Development

    Hiebert, E. H., (2005) The effects of text difficulty on second graders’ fluency development. Reading Psychology 26(2):183-209.

  • A Fluency Curriculum and the Texts That Support It

    Hiebert, E.H. (in press). A fluency curriculum and the texts that support it. In P. Schwanenflugel & M. Kuhn (Eds.), Creating a literacy curriculum: Fluency instruction. New York: Guilford.

  • Extension of TExT Model to Word (Vocabulary) Zones

  • In Pursuit of an Effective, Efficient Vocabulary Curriculum for the Elementary Grades

    Hiebert, E.H. (2005). In pursuit of an effective, efficient vocabulary curriculum for the elementary grades. In E.H. Hiebert & M. Kamil (Eds.), The teaching and learning of vocabulary: Bringing scientific research to practice (pp. 243-263). Mahwah, NJ: LEA.

  • Tapping the Linguistic Resources of Spanish/English Bilinguals: The Role of Cognates in Science

    Bravo, M.A., Hiebert, E.H., & P.D. Pearson (in press). Tapping the linguistic resources of Spanish/English bilinguals: The role of cognates in science. In R.K. Wagner, A. Muse, & K. Tannenbaum (Eds.). Vocabulary development and its implications for reading comprehension. NY: Guilford.

    For more information about this book, please go to Guilford Press.